POLYPLOID SPECIATION IN ASIAN GREEN TOADS OF THE GENUS BUFOTES (BUFONIDAE) 

Litvinchuk Spartak Nikolaevich, Candidate of biological sciences, senior staff scientist, group of microevolution of the genome and cytoecology, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences (4 Tikhoretskiy avenue, Saint-Petersburg, Russia); senior lecturer, sub-department of zoology and physiology, Daghestan State University (43А Gadzhieva street, Makhachkala, Russia), E-mail: litvinchukspartak@yandex.ru
Skorinov Dmitriy Vladimirovich, Candidate of biological sciences, researcher, group of microevolution of the genome and cytoecology, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences (4 Tikhoretskiy avenue, Saint-Petersburg, Russia), E-mail: skorinovd@yandex.ru
Pasynkova Roza Abramovna, Junior researcher, group of microevolution of the genome and cytoecology, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences (4 Tikhoretskiy avenue, Saint-Petersburg, Russia), E-mail: lilitsraven@yandex.ru
Kidov Artem Aleksandrovich, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, sub-department of zoology, Russian State Agrarian University – MTAA (49 Timiryazevskaya street, Moscow, Russia), E-mail: kidov_a@mail.ru
Matushkina Kseniya Andreevna, Candidate of biological sciences, senior lecturer, sub-department of zoology, Russian State Agrarian University – MTAA (49 Timiryazevskaya street, Moscow, Russia), E-mail: matushkina@gmail.com
Borkin Lev Yakovlevich, Candidate of biological sciences, leading researcher, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (1 Universitetskaya embankment, Saint-Petersburg, Russia), E-mail: leo_borkin@zin.ru
Rozanov Yuriy Mikhaylovich, Candidate of technical sciences, leading researcher, group of microevolution of the genome and cytoecology, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences (4 Tikhoretskiy avenue, Saint-Petersburg, Russia), E-mail: rozanov@incras.ru 

574/577 

DOI

10.21685/2307-9150-2019-1-9 

Background. Being an interesting case of unusual reticulate evolution at the species level, polyploid speciation in Asian green toads of the genus Bufotes draws an attention of many researchers. The aim of the paper was to determine a sequence of events that could lead to origin of polyploid species in the genus.
Materials and methods. Two diploid species (B. latastii and B. sitibundus) were used for laboratory crosses. The present and past (the Last Glacial Maximum and the Last Interglacial) distributional models of species were performed using Maxent.
Results. Laboratory hybridization has shown that polyploids in an offspring can be obtained by crossing F1 hybrids between themselves and with their parental species. GIS models indicate that in the first half of the Pleistocene, distributional ranges of parental diploid species can form contact zones, giving rise to polyploid species.
Conclusions. A hypothesis of polyploid (reticular) speciation in the genus Bufotes is proposed. 

Key words

hybridization, polyploidy, evolution, amphibians, the Pleistocene, Central Asia 

 Download PDF

1. Litvinchuk S. N., Borkin L. Ya., Skorinov D. V., Pasynkova R. A., Rozanov Yu. M. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. 3, Biologiya [Bulletin of Saint-Petersburg State University. Series 3: Biology]. 2016, no. 3, pp. 77–86. [In Russian]
2. Stöck M., Moritz C., Hickerson M., Frynta D., Dujsbayeva T., Eremchenko V., Macey J. R., Papenfuss T. J., Wake D. B. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, vol. 41 (2), pp. 663–689.
3. Litvinchuk S. N., Rozanov Yu. M., Borkin L. Ya., Skorinov D. V. Voprosy gerpetologii [Issue of herpetology]. 2008, pp. 247–257. [In Russian]
4. Litvinchuk S. N., Borkin L. Ya., Skorinov D. V., Mazepa G. A., Pasynkova R. A., Dedukh D. V., Krasikova A. V., Rozanov Yu. M. Voprosy gerpetologii [Issue of herpetology]. 2012, pp. 160–165. [In Russian]
5. Litvinchuk S. N., Mazepa G. O., Pasynkova R. A., Saidov A., Satorov T., Chikin Y. A., Shabanov D. A., Crottini A., Borkin L. J., Rosanov J. M., Stöck M. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 2011, vol. 49 (3), pp. 233–239.
6. Betto-Colliard C., Sermier R., Litvinchuk S., Perrin N., Stöck M. Heredity. 2015, vol. 114 (3), pp. 300–308.
7. Betto-Colliard C., Hofmann S., Sermier R., Perrin N., Stöck M. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2018, vol. 285. ID: 20172667.
8. Litvinchuk S. N., Borkin L. Ya., Mazepa G. A., Rozanov Yu. M. Gerpetologicheskie i ornitologicheskie issledovaniya: sovremennye aspekty. Posvyashchaetsya 100-letiyu A. K. Rustamova (1917–2005) [Herpetological and ornithological research: modern aspects. Dedicated to 100th anniversary of A. K. Rustamov (1917–2005)]. Moscow: KMK, 2018, pp. 88–101. [In Russian]
9. Kidov A. A., Matushkina K. A., Litvinchuk S. N., Blinova S. A., Afrin K. A., Kovrina E. G. Sovremennaya gerpetologiya [Modern herpetology]. 2016, vol. 16, no. 1/2, pp. 20–26. [In Russian]
10. Matushkina K. A., Kidov A. A., Litvinchuk S. N. Vestnik Tambovskogo universiteta. Ser.: Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki [Bulletin of Tambov State University. Series: Natural engineering sciences]. 2017, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 955–959. [In Russian]
11. Warren D. L., Glor R. E., Turelli M. Ecography. 2010, vol. 33 (3), pp. 607–611.
12. Phillips S. J., Anderson R. P., Schapire R. E. Ecological Modeling. 2006, vol. 190, pp. 231–259.
13. Fakharzadeh F., Darvish J., Kami H. G., Ghassemzadeha F., Rastegar-Pouyani E., Stock M. Zoologischer Anzeiger [Zoological bulletin]. 2015, vol. 255, pp. 25–31.
14. Pisanets' E. M. Dopovidi AN URSR. Ser. B, Geologіchnі, khіmіchnі, bіologіchnі nauki [Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Series B, Geological, chemical, biological sciences]. Kiev, 1978, vol. 3, pp. 277–282.
15. Litvinchuk S. N., Rozanov Yu. M., Usmanova N. M., Borkin L. Ya., Mazanaeva L. F., Kazakov V. I. Tsitologiya [Cytology]. 2006, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 332–345. [In Russian]
16. Delpero M., Cervella P., Borkin L. J., Dujsebayeva T., Eremchenko V. K., Baletto E. Atti del I Congresso Nazionale della Societas Herpetologica Italica [Proceedings of the 1st National Congress of Italian Society of Herpetology]. Torino: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, 1996, pp. 299–304.
17. Castellano S., Giacoma C., Dujsebayeva T., Odierna G., Balletto E. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1998, vol. 63, pp. 257–281.
18. Borkin L. J., Eremchenko V. K., Helfenberger N., Panfilov A. M., Rosanov J. M. Russian Journal of Herpetology. 2001, vol. 8 (1), pp. 45–53.
19. Odierna G., Aprea G., Capriglione T., Castellano S., Balletto E. Chromosome Research. 2004, vol. 12, pp. 671–681.
20. Stöck M., Ustinova J., Lamatsch D. K., Schartl M., Perrin N., Moritz C. Evolution. 2010, vol. 64 (4), pp. 944–959.